Monday, September 23, 2013
CHEME 330 Syllabus
Lectures: MWThF
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9:30-10:20 AM
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JHN 075
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Quizzes/Recitations: Tu
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9:30-10:20 AM
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JHN 075
|
Office hours: Prof.
Yu: M 12:30-2:30 PM; F 3:00-5:00 PM
BNS
257
Zhu: M 2:30-4:00 PM, W 1:00-2:30
PM BNS 137A
Richardson: W
3:30-5:00 PM, Th 1:30-3:00 PM BNS 137A
(Make appointments
for
extra office hours via email to the instructor and
TAs)
Textbook: Transport
Phenomena, Revised 2nd Edition
R. B.
Bird,
W.E. Stewart, E.N. Lightfoot Wiley, New
York,
2007
ISBN: 978-0-470-11539-8
Grading:
|
Homework
|
=
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15%*
|
3 Quizzes
|
=
|
15% (3 x 5%)
|
|
2 Midterms
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=
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40% (2 x 20%)
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|
Final
Exam
|
=
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30%
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*Homework Policy: All homework must be completed individually; however, working
in teams on
the
problem sets
is permitted/encouraged. All problem sets must be completed and handed-in to
receive a final grade (regardless of score). Late or missing
homework will be scored zero.
There are
no make-ups, but the lowest HW score will be dropped from the average.
Exam schedule: Quizzes: Tu, unannounced. Duration: 20 min. Closed book.
Midterm #1: W, Oct.
23. Duration:
50 min. Open book and notes.
Midterm #2: W, Nov. 20. Duration:
50 min. Open book and notes.
Final
Exam:
W,
Dec. 11, 8:30-10:20 AM. JHN 075. Open
book and notes.
Course website: https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/qyu/32485/
Course objectives: After successful completion of
this course,
students are expected
to:
• be
able to apply the physics
of molecular transport processes and rate laws;
analogies between the
diffusive transport phenomena of viscous flow,
heat conduction
and species diffusion.
• be
able to construct
shell balances for setting up and solving
transport problems,
particularly those involving viscous flow.
• understand the
origin and use the
Navier-Stokes equations
and their simplification
to specific flow situations.
• understand the
concepts of turbulence, friction and drag,
and their application to flow
in conduits, packed
beds and around
submerged objects.
• be able to apply the mechanical
energy balances (Bernoulli analysis) for practical
piping, pumping and
flow problems.
ABET outcomes evaluated in this
course:
3.a.
Ability of students to apply knowledge of mathematics,
science,
and
engineering to
transport phenomena.
3.e.
Ability of students to identify, formulate,
and
solve engineering problems related to
fluid flow.
Course Outline:
I. Transport Process for Heat, Mass and Momentum
A.
Modes of transport
1. Transport phenomena and driving
forces
2. Modes of transport
a)
Radiation
b)
Convection
c)
Diffusive transport (diffusion,
conduction, shear)
3. Continuum
approximation
B.
The phenomenological rate laws
for
diffusive transport
1. Format
of the rate laws: fluxes,
driving forces, and coefficients
2. 1-D transport
of heat: Fourier’s Law
of
conduction
3. 1-D transport
of mass: Fick’s Law of binary diffusion
4. 1-D transport
of momentum: Newton’s Law
of viscosity
(designation of
momentum flux (or viscous shear stress))
5. Comparison of
the rate laws;
Prandtl
number and Schmidt
number
6. Dealing with quantities that
vary spatially: graphically and
mathematically
(scalar vs. vector (flux and gradient (del) are vectors);
coordinate systems; velocity
profiles and
momentum flux distributions; resolving
components of a vector; calculating flow from flux)
C. The transport coefficients for fluids
1. Transport coefficients
for
gases
1.1. Transport coefficients
for
idea gases from simple kinetic theory
1.2. Refinements
of simple kinetic theory:
Chapman-Enskog theory
a)
Viscosity (monoatomic / polyatomic gases, gas mixtures)
b) Thermal conductivity (monoatomic
gases; polyatomic gases (Euken
formula); gas
mixtures)
c)
Binary diffusivity
1.3. Corresponding states methods
for
gases at
higher pressures
2. Transport coefficients
for
liquids
a)
Viscosity:
Eyring’s law;
use of a Nomograph
b) Thermal conductivity: Bridgeman’s eq.
c)
Binary diffusivity:
temperature dependence; empirical
Wilke-Chang’s eq.
3. Sources of
transport data
D. The conservation
principles
applied to heat and mass transport
(“shell
balances” for flux distributions and T- and CA-profiles)
1. Constructing and
using
shell balances
for heat transport
(The
"simple case" of constant flux: 1-d,
no-generation,
steady-state,
rectilinear transport)
2. Heat transfer boundary conditions
(Type I, II and III)
3. Mass transport of the "simple case" of constant flux
a)
Role of convection
in mass transport
(average molar velocity)
b)
Diffusion in a capillary tube (Stefan
tube)
4. Mass transfer boundary conditions (Type I, II and III)
5. Radial transport
in cylindrical
and spherical geometries
a)
Radial conduction in a cylindrical
layer
b)
Radial heat flux distribution
and T-profile in
a spherical layer
6. Functional
forms
for flux distributions and
T- and CA-profiles
7. Heat transport
with a generation term (internal generation of
heat)
a)
Heat conduction in an electrical
heat source b) Review of
shell balance method
E. The conservation
principles
applied to momentum transport
(“shell
balances” for momentum
flux distributions
and velocity profiles)
1. Flow down
an inclined plane ("falling film")
a)
convective fluxes
b)
Flow-related quantities:
skin friction, surface velocity,
volumetric flow rate, average velocity,
mass flow rate,
Reynolds number
2. Boundary conditions
for
fluid flow; “no slip”
and “free slip”
3. Flow
through a circular tube: Hagen-Poiseuille’s eq;
laminar vs. turbulent flow,
entry length effects
4. Fluid
pressure, equation of hydrostatics:
manometers
5. Non-Newtonian fluids
6.
Unsteady state transport
F. Generalization of the
rate laws
to three dimensions and
curvilinear coordinates
1.
Fourier’s Law and Fick’s Law;
the gradient operator
2.
Newton’s Law
of viscosity; the
viscous stress tensor
G. Generalization of
the conservation
equations to three dimensions and
curvilinear coordinates
1.
The divergence operator
and
the Laplacian operator
2. The generalized
conduction equation
and molecular diffusion equation.
II.
Fluid Mechanics
A. General differential equations of
fluid mechanics (Navier-Stokes
equations)
1.
Conservation of total
mass – the Continuity equation
(convective fluxes)
2.
Constant-property fluids (ρ and
µ);
Mach number
3.
The conservation equation
for
momentum (the equation
of motion)
(the
substantial derivative)
4.
What can we do with these equations?
B. Some examples
of analytical
solutions to the Navier-Stokes
equations
(the
“top down” method)
1.
Pressure-gravity flow between flat
plates (Cartesian coordinates)
2.
Couette flow between
concentric cylinders
(cylindrical
coordinates) (torque calculation
and the Couette viscometer)
3.
Creeping flow
around
a sphere (spherical
coordinates) (Stokes law,
and the falling ball viscometer)
C. Turbulence
1.
The transition to turbulence (the critical
Reynolds number)
2.
The nature of turbulence – fluctuations
3.
Comparison of laminar and
turbulent flows in round tubes
4.
Time-smoothing the Navier-Stokes equations
(the origin of turbulent
or
Reynolds stresses)
5.
Shear stress distributions
and skin friction for turbulent flow
in conduits
(average τ0 for other cross-sectional
shaped conduits
– the hydraulic radius, RH)
6.
Velocity profiles for turbulent flow in straight, smooth-walled conduits
(the
“universal
velocity profile”; eddy viscosity)
D. Dynamic similarity and dimensional analysis
1.
Example of drag
force on a sphere outside Stokes law range.
2.
Dynamic similarity – nondimensionalization
of the Navier-Stokes
equations
(the
creeping flow regime;
the “inviscid” or “ideal” flow
regime)
3.
Dimensionless drag force on
a sphere – the drag coefficient as
a function of the Reynolds number; terminal
velocity of spheres outside
Stokes' regime
4.
Drag force on
other submerged
objects
5.
Dimensional analysis
(the
“Buckingham
Pi theorem”)
E. Bernoulli
analysis
and
applications
1.
Navier-Stokes equations
for steady flow in a “stream
tube”(simplifying assumptions:
inviscid, straight-streamline
flow, constant properties
over cross-section)
2.
The Bernoulli equation;
the “Bernoulli
effect”
3.
Application of simple
Bernoulli analysis (British
units)
a)
Flow in a
contracting conduit
b)
Efflux from a large vessel due to gravity
c) Flow
through a siphon from a large tank d) Pressure at a stagnation
point.
e)
Aerodynamic lift
4.
Measurement of flow rate;
analysis of
flow
metering devices a)
The Pitot
tube; a “Pitot traverse”
b)
The venturi meter
c)
The orifice and nozzle meters
d)
The rotameter (typical
flow velocities)
5.
Full Bernoulli analysis for flow
in conduits: head losses a) Skin
friction
loses; the Fanning friction factor, f
b) Analytical correlations
for f
c)
Non-circular cross-sections
d)
Configurational
head losses; kinetic energy factors
6.
Evaluation of pressure drops,
flow rates, pumping requirements,
etc.
a) Ex.
1: Pressure drop required
for
specified flow rate;
standard steel piping
b) Ex. 2: Pump horsepower required for given
flow rate; break
horsepower
(bhp);
pump efficiency
c)
Ex. 3: Flow
rate for a given
pressure drop
d)
Ex. 4: Flow
rate for a given
pump horsepower
7.
Kinetic head correction factor
8.
Flow through porous
media and packed
beds a) Darcy’s law
b)
Blake-Kozeny equation
c) Burke-Plummer equation d) Ergun equation
F. Microfluidics
1.
What is it? Definition
and origin of “microfluidics”
2.
Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices
3.
Other types of microfluidic
devices; micro-drop generators
4.
Validity of the continuum description of fluids: Knudsen flow
5.
Relative importance of various
forces
in microfluidic flows
6.
Fabrication of
LOC devices
7.
Generalized Hagen-Poiseuille
flow
8.
Hydraulic resistance in micro-channels
9.
Mixing processes
in microfluidics: advection
10. Optical “access” to
fluids in microfluidic devices
11. Driving forces for
flow
in
microfluidic devices
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